Solar Panel – Efficient and Durable Solar Energy Solution

DAT Solar provides all kinds of solar panels, high-performance solar cells, simple installation, long-term use, genuine warranty. Free technical support consultation.

1. What is a solar panel?

A solar panel, also known as a photovoltaic panel, is a specialized device used to convert sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity. Essentially, a solar panel consists of multiple photovoltaic modules connected together, with each module containing many solar cells made from semiconductor materials such as silicon.

It operates based on the photovoltaic effect: when sunlight hits the panel, the energy from photons excites electrons in the solar cells, causing them to move and generate an electric current. This current is then collected and transferred to a storage system or used directly by electrical devices.

You can find solar panels applied in a wide range of practical uses: from residential solar systems and commercial solar projects to solar-powered devices such as street lights, water pumps, security cameras, or solar fans.

2. Structure and working principle of solar panels

Understanding the detailed structure and operating mechanism of a solar panel helps users choose the right product and ensure efficient operation.

2.1 Main components of a solar panel

Component	Detailed description
Tempered glass	Thickness 2–4 mm, transparent, impact-resistant; protects photovoltaic cells inside from physical damage and weather conditions.
Photovoltaic cells	Convert sunlight into electricity; commonly available in monocrystalline (Mono), polycrystalline (Poly), and thin-film types.
EVA layer	Adhesive and insulating layer between components, helps maintain structural stability and prevents moisture.
Backsheet	Insulating plastic sheet on the back; moisture-resistant, protects cells from external environment.
Junction box & MC4 connectors	Junction box at the back ensures safe and convenient electrical connection with other devices in the system.
Anodized aluminum frame	Anti-oxidation frame, lightweight and durable, used to mount and secure the panel on rooftops or support structures.

2.2 Principle of Operation

Solar panels operate based on the photovoltaic effect – a physical phenomenon discovered in the 19th century and widely applied in renewable energy technologies.

When sunlight (consisting of photons) strikes photovoltaic cells made from semiconductor materials such as silicon, the photons transfer their energy to electrons inside the cells. This excites the electrons, causing them to move from a lower energy state to a higher one.
This movement generates a flow of electrons through the internal circuits of the photovoltaic cell, creating direct current (DC) electricity.
The DC electricity is then collected through conductive wires connected to a junction box and can be converted into alternating current (AC) by an inverter for use in households, businesses, or stored in battery systems.

3. Common types of solar panels and their pros and cons

Currently, the market offers various types of solar panels with different characteristics and efficiency levels, suitable for different usage purposes.

Criteria	Monocrystalline Solar Panel	Polycrystalline Solar Panel	Thin-film Solar Panel
Structure	Made from a single, uniform silicon crystal	Assembled from multiple non-uniform silicon crystals	A thin layer of semiconductor material (amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride) coated on glass or plastic
Conversion efficiency	Highest: 18–22%	Medium: 15–18%	Lowest: 10–13%
Size & weight	Compact, space-saving installation	Larger than Mono to achieve the same capacity	Flexible, lightweight, easy to install on curved or flat surfaces
Performance in low light	Very effective, performs well in cloudy or low-light conditions	Drops faster in poor lighting or bad weather	Good, works efficiently in shaded and low-light conditions
Color & aesthetics	Uniform black, sleek, suitable for projects requiring high aesthetics	Mixed blue shades, slightly rough surface	Diverse and flexible, aesthetics are less emphasized
Production cost & price	Highest due to complex manufacturing process	Lower, more competitive pricing	Lowest, environmentally friendly
Lifespan & durability	Long lifespan, very durable	Good but less than Mono	Shorter lifespan than crystalline panels
Space requirement	Space-efficient	Requires more area to achieve the same capacity	Requires significantly more area compared to monocrystalline for equal capacity
Key advantages	– Highest efficiency – Space-saving – Stable performance in low light – High aesthetics	– Lower price – Suitable for large-area projects – Easier manufacturing	– Flexible, lightweight – Easy to install on various surfaces – Low cost – Effective in shade and low light
Drawbacks	High price, complex production	Lower efficiency, drops faster in weak light	Low efficiency, shorter lifespan, requires large installation area to match crystalline panels

DAT Solar is a trusted provider and installer of solar power systems, delivering optimized solutions for customers nationwide.

• Official partner of Longi, Canadian Solar, and Jinko Solar.

• Wide product range from 50W to 550Wp.

• Warranty: 12 years for products, 25 years for performance.

• Comprehensive technical support, on-site survey and installation services.

• Competitive pricing, with special offers for bulk installations.

Contact us today for consultation and quotation!

☎️ Hotline: 1800 6567
🌐 Website: www.datsolar.com
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